数据驱动测试

前一篇所讲的模块化驱动测试能够很好的解决脚本重复的问题，但是在针对同一个功能进行不同数据的测试，从而检测测试结果的变化时仍然需要重复地编写测试脚本。于是，数据驱动测试的概念就为解决这类问题而被提出。

我们可以通过读取定义的数组、字典，或者是外部文件（excel、csv、txt、xml等），都可以看作是数据驱动，从而实现数据与脚本的分离，进一步增强脚本的复用性。

读取txt文件

图片.png

Java

(ノへ￣、)这段代码存在一个问题，txt文件中有四组数据，但运行时只执行了三组数据（运行时忽略了一条密码为空的数据）。

data.javapackage PublicMethods;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;public class data {    //读取txt文件    public static Map txtData(String fileName) throws IOException     {        Map
         map = new HashMap
         (); //存放多个键值对        String[] arryTemp = null;        String username = null;        String password = null;        String s = null;                File file = new File(fileName);        FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);        while((s = br.readLine()) != null)        {            arryTemp = s.split(","); //将一行数据存入数组            username = arryTemp[0];  //获取账户            password = arryTemp[1];  //获取密码            map.put(username, password); //存储一组账号密码        }                return map;    }}
share.javapackage PublicMethods;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.NoAlertPresentException;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;public class share {    private static WebDriver driver;        public static WebDriver OpenDriver(String url)    {        driver = new FirefoxDriver();        driver.get(url);        return driver;    }        public static void UserLogin(WebDriver driver, Map map) throws InterruptedException     {        Set
         keyset = map.keySet(); //获取Map的值        for(String count : keyset) {            Thread.sleep(2000);            driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='username']")).sendKeys(count);            System.out.println(count);            driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='password']")).sendKeys(map.get(count).toString());            Thread.sleep(2000);            driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='login_button']")).click();            Thread.sleep(2000);            try            {                driver.switchTo().alert().accept();                Thread.sleep(2000);                driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='username']")).clear();                driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='password']")).clear();            }catch(NoAlertPresentException NofindAlert)            {                UserLogout(driver);            }            }    }        public static void UserLogout(WebDriver driver) throws InterruptedException    {        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='logout_button']")).click();        Thread.sleep(2000);    }}
LoginTest.javapackage Test;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.*;import PublicMethods.*;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;public class LoginTest {    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        WebDriver driver = PublicMethods.share.OpenDriver("file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html");        String filename = "D:\\app_tool\\eclipse-workspace\\AutoTest\\TestData\\user_info.txt";                Map map = txtData(filename);                UserLogin(driver, map);        driver.quit();    }}

Python

data.pyclass data():    # 读取txt文件    def txtData(self, fileName):        file = open(fileName, 'r')        lines = file.readlines()        file.close()        return lines
share.pyfrom time import *from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECclass share():    # 启动浏览器    def open_driver(self, url):        driver = webdriver.Firefox()        driver.implicitly_wait(10)        driver.get(url)        return driver    # 登录账号检测    def user_login(self, driver, lines):        for line in lines:            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").send_keys(line.split(',')[0])            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").send_keys(line.split(',')[1])            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='login_button']").click()            sleep(2)            result =EC.alert_is_present()(driver)            # 判断是否有弹窗            if result:                result.accept()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").clear()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").clear()    # 退出账号    def user_logout(self, driver):        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='logout_button']").click()        sleep(2)
LoginTest.pyfrom public import share,datadriver = share.share().open_driver('file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html')filename = 'user_info.txt'lines = data.data().txtData(filename)share.share().user_login(driver, lines)share.share().user_logout(driver)driver.quit()

Ruby

读取csv文件

该方法同样适用于读取txt文件

Java

data.javapackage PublicMethods;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;public class data {    //读取csv文件    public static ArrayList
         csvData(String fileName)    {        ArrayList
          list = new ArrayList
          ();  //创建保存数据集合        CsvReader cReader = null;        try{            cReader = new CsvReader(fileName);            //是否跳过表头            cReader.readHeaders();            while(cReader.readRecord())            {                list.add(cReader.getValues());            }        }catch(Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        finally        {            cReader.close();        }                //如果使用testng的DataProvider,可以返回一个二维数组        Object data[][] = new Object[list.size()][];        for(int i=0;i
share.javapackage PublicMethods;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.NoAlertPresentException;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import java.util.ArrayList;import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;public class share {    private static WebDriver driver;        public static WebDriver OpenDriver(String url)    {        driver = new FirefoxDriver();        driver.get(url);        return driver;    }        public static void UserLogin(WebDriver driver, ArrayList
         list) throws InterruptedException     {        for(int i=0;i
LoginTest.javapackage Test;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.*;import PublicMethods.*;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;public class LoginTest {    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        WebDriver driver = PublicMethods.share.OpenDriver("file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html");        String filename = "D:\\app_tool\\eclipse-workspace\\AutoTest\\TestData\\user_info.csv";                ArrayList
         list = csvData(filename);                UserLogin(driver, list);        driver.quit();    }}

Python

data.pyimport csvclass data():    # 读取CSV文件    def csvData(self, fileName):        lines = csv.reader(open(fileName, 'r'))        return lines
share.pyfrom time import *from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECclass share():    # 启动浏览器    def open_driver(self, url):        driver = webdriver.Firefox()        driver.implicitly_wait(10)        driver.get(url)        return driver    # 登录账号检测    def user_login(self, driver, lines):        for line in lines:            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").send_keys(line[0])            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").send_keys(line[1])            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='login_button']").click()            sleep(2)            result =EC.alert_is_present()(driver)            # 判断是否有弹窗            if result:                result.accept()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").clear()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").clear()    # 退出账号    def user_logout(self, driver):        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='logout_button']").click()        sleep(2)
LoginTest.pyfrom public import share,datadriver = share.share().open_driver('file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html')filename = 'user_info.csv'lines = data.data().csvData(filename)share.share().user_login(driver, lines)share.share().user_logout(driver)driver.quit()

Ruby

读取excel文件

Excel文件数据必须时文本格式

Java

进入http://poi.apache.org/download.html下载POI的Jar包

问题一：

解决方法：

进入http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.xmlbeans/xmlbeans/2.6.0，下载jar包

问题二：

解决方法：

进入http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-collections4/4.1，下载jar包

问题三：

在遇到Excel单元值为空时sheet.getRow(i).getCell(j).getStringCellValue()会报错

解决方法：

在Excel中把空值改为空格，然后在代码中获取该值后去空格。

data.javapackage PublicMethods;import java.io.*;import java.util.*;public class data {    //读取Excel文件    public static XSSFSheet excelData(String fileName) throws IOException    {        File file = new File(fileName);        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);                XSSFWorkbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook(is); //加载workbook        XSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);  //加载sheet        return sheet;    }}
share.javapackage PublicMethods;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.NoAlertPresentException;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;public class share {    private static WebDriver driver;        public static WebDriver OpenDriver(String url)    {        driver = new FirefoxDriver();        driver.get(url);        return driver;    }        public static void UserLogin(WebDriver driver, XSSFSheet sheet) throws InterruptedException     {        for(int i=0;i
LoginTest.javapackage Test;import java.io.IOException;import PublicMethods.*;import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;public class LoginTest {    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        WebDriver driver = PublicMethods.share.OpenDriver("file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html");        String filename = "D:\\app_tool\\eclipse-workspace\\AutoTest\\TestData\\user_info.xlsx";                XSSFSheet sheet = excelData(filename);                UserLogin(driver, sheet);        driver.quit();    }}

Python

data.pyimport xlrdclass data():    # 读取excel文件    def execelData(self, fileName, sheetName):        data = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName)        #  通过索引顺序获取        # table = data.sheets()[0]        # table = data.sheet_by_index(0)        table = data.sheet_by_name(sheetName)                # 获取一行或一列的值，参数是第几行        # table.row_values(0)    获取第一行的值        # table.col_values(0)    获取第一列的值        return  table
share.pyfrom time import *from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECclass share():    # 启动浏览器    def open_driver(self, url):        driver = webdriver.Firefox()        driver.implicitly_wait(10)        driver.get(url)        return driver    # 登录账号检测    def user_login(self, driver, table):        rows = table.nrows        for i in range(rows):            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").send_keys(table.cell(i, 1).value)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").send_keys(table.cell(i, 2).value)            sleep(2)            driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='login_button']").click()            sleep(2)            result =EC.alert_is_present()(driver)            # 判断是否有弹窗            if result:                result.accept()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='username']").clear()                driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='password']").clear()    # 退出账号    def user_logout(self, driver):        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='logout_button']").click()        sleep(2)
LoginTest.pyfrom public import share,datadriver = share.share().open_driver('file:///D:/%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95.html')filename = 'TestData/user_info.xlsx'sheetname = 'test'table = data.data().execelData(filename, sheetname)share.share().user_login(driver, table)share.share().user_logout(driver)driver.quit()

Ruby

浅谈关键字驱动测试

在数据驱动的基础上，我们把“数据”转化为“关键字”后，通过关键字的改变从而引起测试结果的变化。

为何我要在这里说明是“浅谈”呢？在关键字驱动测试中，我们可以将测试的对象、满足条件、传输值、断言等，甚至是所需要读取的外部文件以及外部类库，所有的相关条件存储在文件中（典型的关键字驱动工具：UFT）。我们可以将关键字以“填表格”形式写入文件中，从而降低脚本的编写难度。

正因如此，采用关键字驱动测试来编写同样的脚本需要较高的学习成本。同样，这样的框架越到后期越难维护，可靠性也会变差。所以，暂时不深入研究关键字驱动测试。